Struct Decoder

pub struct Decoder<R: Read + Seek>(/* private fields */);

Source of audio samples decoded from an input stream. See the module-level documentation for examples and usage.

Implementations

impl<R: Read + Seek + Send + Sync + 'static> Decoder<R>

pub fn builder() -> DecoderBuilder<R>

Returns a builder for creating a new decoder with customizable settings.

Examples

use std::fs::File;
use rodio::Decoder;

let file = File::open("audio.mp3").unwrap();
let decoder = Decoder::builder()
    .with_data(file)
    .with_hint("mp3")
    .with_gapless(true)
    .build()
    .unwrap();

pub fn new(data: R) -> Result<Self, DecoderError>

Builds a new decoder with default settings.

Attempts to automatically detect the format of the source of data.

Errors

Returns DecoderError::UnrecognizedFormat if the audio format could not be determined or is not supported.

pub fn new_looped(data: R) -> Result<LoopedDecoder<R>, DecoderError>

Builds a new looped decoder with default settings.

Attempts to automatically detect the format of the source of data. The decoder will restart from the beginning when it reaches the end.

Errors

Returns DecoderError::UnrecognizedFormat if the audio format could not be determined or is not supported.

pub fn new_wav(data: R) -> Result<Self, DecoderError>

Builds a new decoder with WAV format hint.

This method provides a hint that the data is WAV format, which may help the decoder identify the format more quickly. However, if WAV decoding fails, other formats will still be attempted.

Errors

Returns DecoderError::UnrecognizedFormat if no suitable decoder was found.

Examples

use rodio::Decoder;
use std::fs::File;

let file = File::open("audio.wav").unwrap();
let decoder = Decoder::new_wav(file).unwrap();

pub fn new_vorbis(data: R) -> Result<Self, DecoderError>

Builds a new decoder with Vorbis format hint.

This method provides a hint that the data is Vorbis format, which may help the decoder identify the format more quickly. However, if Vorbis decoding fails, other formats will still be attempted.

Errors

Returns DecoderError::UnrecognizedFormat if no suitable decoder was found.

Examples

use rodio::Decoder;
use std::fs::File;

let file = File::open("audio.ogg").unwrap();
let decoder = Decoder::new_vorbis(file).unwrap();

pub fn new_mp3(data: R) -> Result<Self, DecoderError>

Builds a new decoder with MP3 format hint.

This method provides a hint that the data is MP3 format, which may help the decoder identify the format more quickly. However, if MP3 decoding fails, other formats will still be attempted.

Errors

Returns DecoderError::UnrecognizedFormat if no suitable decoder was found.

Examples

use rodio::Decoder;
use std::fs::File;

let file = File::open("audio.mp3").unwrap();
let decoder = Decoder::new_mp3(file).unwrap();

Trait Implementations

impl<R> Iterator for Decoder<R>

where R: Read + Seek,

type Item = f32

The type of the elements being iterated over.

fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item>

Advances the iterator and returns the next value.

fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>)

Returns the bounds on the remaining length of the iterator.

fn next_chunk<const N: usize>( &mut self, ) -> Result<[Self::Item; N], IntoIter<Self::Item, N>>

where Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_next_chunk)

Advances the iterator and returns an array containing the next N values.

fn count(self) -> usize

where Self: Sized,

Consumes the iterator, counting the number of iterations and returning it.

fn last(self) -> Option<Self::Item>

where Self: Sized,

Consumes the iterator, returning the last element.

fn advance_by(&mut self, n: usize) -> Result<(), NonZero<usize>>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_advance_by)

Advances the iterator by n elements.

fn nth(&mut self, n: usize) -> Option<Self::Item>

Returns the nth element of the iterator.

fn step_by(self, step: usize) -> StepBy<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator starting at the same point, but stepping by the given amount at each iteration.

fn chain<U>(self, other: U) -> Chain<Self, <U as IntoIterator>::IntoIter>

where Self: Sized, U: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>,

Takes two iterators and creates a new iterator over both in sequence.

fn zip<U>(self, other: U) -> Zip<Self, <U as IntoIterator>::IntoIter>

where Self: Sized, U: IntoIterator,

‘Zips up’ two iterators into a single iterator of pairs.

fn intersperse(self, separator: Self::Item) -> Intersperse<Self>

where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_intersperse)

Creates a new iterator which places a copy of separator between adjacent items of the original iterator.

fn intersperse_with<G>(self, separator: G) -> IntersperseWith<Self, G>

where Self: Sized, G: FnMut() -> Self::Item,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_intersperse)

Creates a new iterator which places an item generated by separator between adjacent items of the original iterator.

fn map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Map<Self, F>

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> B,

Takes a closure and creates an iterator which calls that closure on each element.

fn for_each<F>(self, f: F)

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item),

Calls a closure on each element of an iterator.

fn filter<P>(self, predicate: P) -> Filter<Self, P>

where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Creates an iterator which uses a closure to determine if an element should be yielded.

fn filter_map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> FilterMap<Self, F>

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>,

Creates an iterator that both filters and maps.

fn enumerate(self) -> Enumerate<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator which gives the current iteration count as well as the next value.

fn peekable(self) -> Peekable<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator which can use the peek and peek_mut methods to look at the next element of the iterator without consuming it. See their documentation for more information.

fn skip_while<P>(self, predicate: P) -> SkipWhile<Self, P>

where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Creates an iterator that skips elements based on a predicate.

fn take_while<P>(self, predicate: P) -> TakeWhile<Self, P>

where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Creates an iterator that yields elements based on a predicate.

fn map_while<B, P>(self, predicate: P) -> MapWhile<Self, P>

where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>,

Creates an iterator that both yields elements based on a predicate and maps.

fn skip(self, n: usize) -> Skip<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator that skips the first n elements.

fn take(self, n: usize) -> Take<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator that yields the first n elements, or fewer if the underlying iterator ends sooner.

fn scan<St, B, F>(self, initial_state: St, f: F) -> Scan<Self, St, F>

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&mut St, Self::Item) -> Option<B>,

An iterator adapter which, like fold, holds internal state, but unlike fold, produces a new iterator.

fn flat_map<U, F>(self, f: F) -> FlatMap<Self, U, F>

where Self: Sized, U: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> U,

Creates an iterator that works like map, but flattens nested structure.

fn flatten(self) -> Flatten<Self>

where Self: Sized, Self::Item: IntoIterator,

Creates an iterator that flattens nested structure.

fn map_windows<F, R, const N: usize>(self, f: F) -> MapWindows<Self, F, N>

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&[Self::Item; N]) -> R,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_map_windows)

Calls the given function f for each contiguous window of size N over self and returns an iterator over the outputs of f. Like slice::windows(), the windows during mapping overlap as well.

fn fuse(self) -> Fuse<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator which ends after the first None.

fn inspect<F>(self, f: F) -> Inspect<Self, F>

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item),

Does something with each element of an iterator, passing the value on.

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

where Self: Sized,

Creates a “by reference” adapter for this instance of Iterator.

fn collect<B>(self) -> B

where B: FromIterator<Self::Item>, Self: Sized,

Transforms an iterator into a collection.

fn try_collect<B>( &mut self, ) -> <<Self::Item as Try>::Residual as Residual<B>>::TryType

where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Try, <Self::Item as Try>::Residual: Residual<B>, B: FromIterator<<Self::Item as Try>::Output>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iterator_try_collect)

Fallibly transforms an iterator into a collection, short circuiting if a failure is encountered.

fn collect_into<E>(self, collection: &mut E) -> &mut E

where E: Extend<Self::Item>, Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_collect_into)

Collects all the items from an iterator into a collection.

fn partition<B, F>(self, f: F) -> (B, B)

where Self: Sized, B: Default + Extend<Self::Item>, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Consumes an iterator, creating two collections from it.

fn is_partitioned<P>(self, predicate: P) -> bool

where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_is_partitioned)

Checks if the elements of this iterator are partitioned according to the given predicate, such that all those that return true precede all those that return false.

fn try_fold<B, F, R>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> R

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = B>,

An iterator method that applies a function as long as it returns successfully, producing a single, final value.

fn try_for_each<F, R>(&mut self, f: F) -> R

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = ()>,

An iterator method that applies a fallible function to each item in the iterator, stopping at the first error and returning that error.

fn fold<B, F>(self, init: B, f: F) -> B

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> B,

Folds every element into an accumulator by applying an operation, returning the final result.

fn reduce<F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> Self::Item,

Reduces the elements to a single one, by repeatedly applying a reducing operation.

fn try_reduce<R>( &mut self, f: impl FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> R, ) -> <<R as Try>::Residual as Residual<Option<<R as Try>::Output>>>::TryType

where Self: Sized, R: Try<Output = Self::Item>, <R as Try>::Residual: Residual<Option<Self::Item>>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iterator_try_reduce)

Reduces the elements to a single one by repeatedly applying a reducing operation. If the closure returns a failure, the failure is propagated back to the caller immediately.

fn all<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

Tests if every element of the iterator matches a predicate.

fn any<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

Tests if any element of the iterator matches a predicate.

fn find<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<Self::Item>

where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Searches for an element of an iterator that satisfies a predicate.

fn find_map<B, F>(&mut self, f: F) -> Option<B>

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>,

Applies function to the elements of iterator and returns the first non-none result.

fn try_find<R>( &mut self, f: impl FnMut(&Self::Item) -> R, ) -> <<R as Try>::Residual as Residual<Option<Self::Item>>>::TryType

where Self: Sized, R: Try<Output = bool>, <R as Try>::Residual: Residual<Option<Self::Item>>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (try_find)

Applies function to the elements of iterator and returns the first true result or the first error.

fn position<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<usize>

where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

Searches for an element in an iterator, returning its index.

fn max(self) -> Option<Self::Item>

where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Returns the maximum element of an iterator.

fn min(self) -> Option<Self::Item>

where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Returns the minimum element of an iterator.

fn max_by_key<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>

where B: Ord, Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> B,

Returns the element that gives the maximum value from the specified function.

fn max_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<Self::Item>

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Returns the element that gives the maximum value with respect to the specified comparison function.

fn min_by_key<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>

where B: Ord, Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> B,

Returns the element that gives the minimum value from the specified function.

fn min_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<Self::Item>

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Returns the element that gives the minimum value with respect to the specified comparison function.

fn unzip<A, B, FromA, FromB>(self) -> (FromA, FromB)

where FromA: Default + Extend<A>, FromB: Default + Extend<B>, Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = (A, B)>,

Converts an iterator of pairs into a pair of containers.

fn copied<'a, T>(self) -> Copied<Self>

where T: Copy + 'a, Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = &'a T>,

Creates an iterator which copies all of its elements.

fn cloned<'a, T>(self) -> Cloned<Self>

where T: Clone + 'a, Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = &'a T>,

Creates an iterator which clones all of its elements.

fn array_chunks<const N: usize>(self) -> ArrayChunks<Self, N>

where Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_array_chunks)

Returns an iterator over N elements of the iterator at a time.

fn sum<S>(self) -> S

where Self: Sized, S: Sum<Self::Item>,

Sums the elements of an iterator.

fn product<P>(self) -> P

where Self: Sized, P: Product<Self::Item>,

Iterates over the entire iterator, multiplying all the elements

fn cmp<I>(self, other: I) -> Ordering

where I: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>, Self::Item: Ord, Self: Sized,

Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another.

fn cmp_by<I, F>(self, other: I, cmp: F) -> Ordering

where Self: Sized, I: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> Ordering,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by)

Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another with respect to the specified comparison function.

fn partial_cmp<I>(self, other: I) -> Option<Ordering>

where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Lexicographically compares the PartialOrd elements of this Iterator with those of another. The comparison works like short-circuit evaluation, returning a result without comparing the remaining elements. As soon as an order can be determined, the evaluation stops and a result is returned.

fn partial_cmp_by<I, F>(self, other: I, partial_cmp: F) -> Option<Ordering>

where Self: Sized, I: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> Option<Ordering>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by)

Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another with respect to the specified comparison function.

fn eq<I>(self, other: I) -> bool

where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialEq<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are equal to those of another.

fn eq_by<I, F>(self, other: I, eq: F) -> bool

where Self: Sized, I: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> bool,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by)

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are equal to those of another with respect to the specified equality function.

fn ne<I>(self, other: I) -> bool

where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialEq<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are not equal to those of another.

fn lt<I>(self, other: I) -> bool

where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically less than those of another.

fn le<I>(self, other: I) -> bool

where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically less or equal to those of another.

fn gt<I>(self, other: I) -> bool

where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically greater than those of another.

fn ge<I>(self, other: I) -> bool

where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically greater than or equal to those of another.

fn is_sorted(self) -> bool

where Self: Sized, Self::Item: PartialOrd,

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted.

fn is_sorted_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> bool

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> bool,

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given comparator function.

fn is_sorted_by_key<F, K>(self, f: F) -> bool

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> K, K: PartialOrd,

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given key extraction function.

impl<R> Source for Decoder<R>

where R: Read + Seek,

fn current_span_len(&self) -> Option<usize>

Returns the number of samples before the current span ends. None means “infinite” or “until the sound ends”. Should never return 0 unless there’s no more data.

fn channels(&self) -> ChannelCount

Returns the number of channels. Channels are always interleaved.

fn sample_rate(&self) -> SampleRate

Returns the rate at which the source should be played. In number of samples per second.

fn total_duration(&self) -> Option<Duration>

Returns the total duration of this source, if known.

fn try_seek(&mut self, pos: Duration) -> Result<(), SeekError>

Attempts to seek to a given position in the current source.

fn buffered(self) -> Buffered<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Stores the source in a buffer in addition to returning it. This iterator can be cloned.

fn mix<S>(self, other: S) -> Mix<Self, S>

where Self: Sized, S: Source,

Mixes this source with another one.

fn repeat_infinite(self) -> Repeat<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Repeats this source forever.

fn take_duration(self, duration: Duration) -> TakeDuration<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Takes a certain duration of this source and then stops.

fn delay(self, duration: Duration) -> Delay<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Delays the sound by a certain duration.

fn skip_duration(self, duration: Duration) -> SkipDuration<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Immediately skips a certain duration of this source.

fn amplify(self, value: f32) -> Amplify<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Amplifies the sound by the given value.

fn amplify_decibel(self, value: f32) -> Amplify<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Amplifies the sound logarithmically by the given value.

fn amplify_normalized(self, value: f32) -> Amplify<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Normalized amplification in [0.0, 1.0] range. This method better matches the perceived loudness of sounds in human hearing and is recommended to use when you want to change volume in [0.0, 1.0] range. based on article: https://www.dr-lex.be/info-stuff/volumecontrols.html

fn automatic_gain_control( self, target_level: f32, attack_time: f32, release_time: f32, absolute_max_gain: f32, ) -> AutomaticGainControl<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Applies automatic gain control to the sound.

fn take_crossfade_with<S: Source>( self, other: S, duration: Duration, ) -> Crossfade<Self, S>

where Self: Sized, Self::Item: FromSample<S::Item>,

Mixes this sound fading out with another sound fading in for the given duration.

fn fade_in(self, duration: Duration) -> FadeIn<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Fades in the sound.

fn fade_out(self, duration: Duration) -> FadeOut<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Fades out the sound.

fn limit(self, settings: LimitSettings) -> Limit<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Applies limiting to prevent audio peaks from exceeding a threshold.

fn linear_gain_ramp( self, duration: Duration, start_value: f32, end_value: f32, clamp_end: bool, ) -> LinearGainRamp<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Applies a linear gain ramp to the sound.

fn periodic_access<F>( self, period: Duration, access: F, ) -> PeriodicAccess<Self, F>

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&mut Self),

Calls the access closure on Self the first time the source is iterated and every time period elapses.

fn speed(self, ratio: f32) -> Speed<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Changes the play speed of the sound. Does not adjust the samples, only the playback speed.

fn pausable(self, initially_paused: bool) -> Pausable<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Makes the sound pausable.

fn stoppable(self) -> Stoppable<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Makes the sound stoppable.

fn skippable(self) -> Skippable<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Adds a method Skippable::skip for skipping this source. Skipping makes Source::next() return None. Which in turn makes the Sink skip to the next source.

fn track_position(self) -> TrackPosition<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Start tracking the elapsed duration since the start of the underlying source.

fn low_pass(self, freq: u32) -> BltFilter<Self>

where Self: Sized + Source<Item = f32>,

Applies a low-pass filter to the source. Warning: Probably buggy.

fn high_pass(self, freq: u32) -> BltFilter<Self>

where Self: Sized + Source<Item = f32>,

Applies a high-pass filter to the source.

fn low_pass_with_q(self, freq: u32, q: f32) -> BltFilter<Self>

where Self: Sized + Source<Item = f32>,

Applies a low-pass filter to the source while allowing the q (bandwidth) to be changed.

fn high_pass_with_q(self, freq: u32, q: f32) -> BltFilter<Self>

where Self: Sized + Source<Item = f32>,

Applies a high-pass filter to the source while allowing the q (bandwidth) to be changed.

fn distortion(self, gain: f32, threshold: f32) -> Distortion<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Applies a distortion effect to the sound.

impl<R> TryFrom<BufReader<R>> for Decoder<BufReader<R>>

where R: Read + Seek + Send + Sync + 'static,

Converts a BufReader into a Decoder. When working with files, prefer TryFrom<File> as it will automatically set byte_len for better seeking performance.

Errors

Returns DecoderError::UnrecognizedFormat if the audio format could not be determined or is not supported.

Examples

use std::fs::File;
use std::io::BufReader;
use rodio::Decoder;

let file = File::open("audio.mp3").unwrap();
let reader = BufReader::new(file);
let decoder = Decoder::try_from(reader).unwrap();

type Error = DecoderError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

fn try_from(data: BufReader<R>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> TryFrom<Cursor<T>> for Decoder<Cursor<T>>

where T: AsRef<[u8]> + Send + Sync + 'static,

Converts a Cursor into a Decoder. When working with files, prefer TryFrom<File> as it will automatically set byte_len for better seeking performance.

This is useful for decoding audio data that’s already in memory.

Errors

Returns DecoderError::UnrecognizedFormat if the audio format could not be determined or is not supported.

Examples

use std::io::Cursor;
use rodio::Decoder;

let data = std::fs::read("audio.mp3").unwrap();
let cursor = Cursor::new(data);
let decoder = Decoder::try_from(cursor).unwrap();

type Error = DecoderError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

fn try_from(data: Cursor<T>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

Performs the conversion.

impl TryFrom<File> for Decoder<BufReader<File>>

Converts a File into a Decoder with automatic optimizations. This is the preferred way to decode files as it enables seeking optimizations and accurate duration calculations.

This implementation:

• Wraps the file in a BufReader for better performance
• Gets the file length from metadata to improve seeking operations and duration accuracy
• Enables seeking by default

Errors

Returns an error if:

• The file metadata cannot be read
• The audio format cannot be recognized or is not supported

Examples

use std::fs::File;
use rodio::Decoder;

let file = File::open("audio.mp3").unwrap();
let decoder = Decoder::try_from(file).unwrap();

type Error = DecoderError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

fn try_from(file: File) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

Performs the conversion.